Cadence Allegro 17.4 电子设计速成实战宝典PDF电子版-带目录

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Cadence Allegro 17.4 电子设计速成实战宝典PDF电子版-带目录

内容简介
本书以Cadence 公司发布的全新Cadence Allegro 17.4 电子设计工具为基础，全面兼容Cadence Allegro
16.6 及17.2 等常用版本。本书共15 章，系统介绍Cadence Allegro 全新的功能及利用电子设计工具进行原
理图设计、原理图库设计、PCB 库设计、PCB 流程化设计、DRC、设计实例操作全过程。
本书内容翔实、条理清晰、实例丰富完整，除可作为大中专院校电子信息类专业的教材外，还可作为
大学生课外电子制作、电子设计竞赛的实用参考书与培训教材，广大电路设计工作者快速入门及进阶的参
考用书。

本书共15 章，具体内容说明如下：
第１章 Allegro 17.4 全新功能。本章主要介绍Allegro 17.4 的全新功能，方便读者了解新
功能的应用及与老版本的区别。
第2 章 Allegro 17.4 软件安装及电子设计概述。本章对Allegro 17.4 进行基本概括，包括
Allegro 17.4 的安装步骤及常用系统参数的设置，旨在让读者搭建好设计平台并高效地配置好平
台的各项参数；同时，概述了电子设计的基本流程，为接下来的学习打好基础。
第3 章工程的组成及完整工程的创建。Allegro 17.4 软件集成了强大的开发管理环境，能
够有效地对设计的各项文件进行分类及层次管理。本章对工程文件的组成及创建步骤做了详细
介绍，有利于读者形成系统的文档管理概念。
第4 章元件库开发环境及设计。本章主要讲述电子设计开头的元件库的设计。
第5 章原理图开发环境及设计。本章介绍原理图设计界面环境，并通过原理图设计流程
化讲解的方式，对原理图设计的创建过程进行了详细讲述，目的是让读者一步一步地根据教程
设计出自己需要的原理图，同时对层次原理图进行了讲述。
第6 章 PCB 库开发环境及设计。本章主要讲述了PCB 封装的编辑界面、标准PCB 封装、
异形PCB 封装的创建方法，并且概述了集成库的组成和安装，方便后期元器件及封装的调用，
让读者充分理解元件库、PCB 封装及它们之间的相互关联性。

第7 章 PCB 设计开发环境及快捷键。本章主要介绍Allegro 17.4 PCB 画板的工作环境、
系统默认快捷键和自定义快捷键，让读者对各个面板及系统的命令组合有一个初步的认识，为
后面进行PCB 设计及提高设计效率打下一定的基础。
第8 章流程化设计—PCB 前期处理。本章主要描述PCB 设计开始的前期准备，包括原
理图的检查、封装检查、网表的生成、PCB 的器件导入、叠层结构的设计等。只有把前期工作
做好了，才能更好地把握好后面的设计，保证设计的准确性和完整性。
第9 章流程化设计—PCB 布局。PCB 布局的好坏直接关系到板子的成败。根据基本原
则并掌握快速布局的方法，有利于我们对整个产品的质量把控。本章按照实际项目流程，对每
个布局环节的注意事项及实际操作进行了详细讲解，可以让读者在充分理解实际项目流程经验
的同时，很好地掌握实际设计项目当中最常用的基本操作及技巧。
第10 章流程化设计—PCB 布线。PCB 布线是PCB 设计当中占比最大的一部分，是重
点中的重点，掌握设计当中的技巧，可以有效地缩短设计周期，也可以提高设计质量。
第11 章 PCB 的DRC 与生产输出。本章主要讲述PCB 设计的一些后期处理，包括功能性
DRC、丝印的摆放、PDF 文件的输出，以及生产文件的输出。读者应该全面掌握并熟练运用本
章内容，对于一些DRC，可以直接忽略，但是对于本章提到的一些检查项，应给予重视并着重
检查，这样很多生产中的问题就可以在设计阶段被规避。
第12 章 Allegro 17.4 高级设计技巧及其应用。Allegro 17.4 除了常用的基本操作，还有许
多的高级应用技巧等待挖掘，有精力的读者可以深入学习。
第13 章入门实例：2 层STM32 四翼飞行器的设计。本章选取了一个大学期间或者说入
门阶段最常见SMT32 开发板的实例，通过这个简单2 层板全流程实战项目的演练，旨在让
初学者贯通理论与实践，掌握电子设计最基本的操作技巧及思路，抓住初学者的痛点，全面提
升实际操作的技能和学习积极性。在这里，作者也恳请大家不要做资料的灌输者，请自己多动
手练习，练习，再练习！
第14 章入门实例：4 层DM642 达芬奇开发板设计。本章以多层板的设计流程进行讲解，
包含原理图的检查、封装创建、PCB 布局、PCB 布线、高速蛇形等长、3W 走线规则、拓扑结
构、EMC/EMI 的常见处理方法等内容。
第15 章进阶实例：RK3288 平板电脑的设计。本章选取了一个进阶实例，为进一步学习
PCB 技术的读者做准备。一样的设计流程，一样的设计方法和分析方法，目的是让读者明白，
其实高速PCB 设计并不难，只要分析弄懂每一个电路模块的设计，就可以像“庖丁解牛”一样，
不管是什么产品、什么类型的PCB，都可以按照“套路”设计好。
本书适合电子技术人员参考，也可作为电子技术、自动化、电气自动化等专业本科生和研
究生的教学用书。若条件允许，还可以开设相应的试验和观摩，以缩小书本理论学习与工程应
用实践的差距。书中涉及电气和电子方面的名词术语、计量单位，力求与国际计量委员会、国
家技术监督局颁发的文件相符。

目录
第1 章 Allegro 17.4 全新功能·················································································· （1）
1.1 Allegro 17.4 全新功能介绍··················································································· （2）
1.1.1 全新功能概述··························································································· （2）
1.1.2 主题的优化······························································································ （2）
1.1.3 新的Toolbar 图示及自行重组······································································· （2）
1.1.4 可以多屏幕进行操作显示············································································ （3）
1.1.5 窗口的优化······························································································ （3）
1.1.6 从原理图直接创建PCB，更加方便地实现原理图与PCB 的同步·························· （4）
1.1.7 提供了基于Web 的搜索功能········································································ （7）
1.1.8 17.2 版本兼容模式的优化············································································ （7）
1.1.9 更加强大的3D 显示功能············································································· （7）
1.1.10 PCB 设计功能的添加及优化······································································（10）
1.2 本章小结········································································································（13）
第2 章 Allegro 17.4 软件安装及电子设计概述························································（14）
2.1 Allegro 17.4 的系统配置要求及安装······································································（14）
2.1.1 系统配置要求··························································································（14）
2.1.2 Allegro 17.4 的安装···················································································（14）
2.1.3 Allegro 17.4 的激活···················································································（20）
2.2 电子设计概念··································································································（20）
2.2.1 原理图的概念及作用·················································································（20）
2.2.2 PCB 版图的概念及作用·············································································（21）
2.2.3 原理图符号的概念及作用···········································································（22）
2.2.4 PCB 符号的概念及作用·············································································（22）
2.2.5 信号线的分类及区别·················································································（22）
2.3 常用系统参数的设置·························································································（23）
2.3.1 高亮设置································································································（24）
2.3.2 自动备份设置··························································································（26）
2.4 OrCAD 原理图·································································································（26）
2.4.1 OrCAD 菜单栏························································································（27）
2.4.2 OrCAD 偏好设置·····················································································（28）
2.4.3 OrCAD 软件Design Template 常用设置··························································（30）
2.4.4 OrCAD 删除与撤销功能············································································（32）
2.4.5 OrCAD 添加本地封装库············································································（33）
2.5 PCB 菜单栏····································································································（34）
2.5.1 File 菜单································································································（34）
2.5.2 Edit 菜单································································································（36）
2.5.3 View 菜单·······························································································（37）
2.5.4 Add 菜单································································································（38）
2.5.5 Display 菜单····························································································（38）
2.5.6 Setup 菜单······························································································（39）
2.5.7 Shape 菜单······························································································（41）
2.5.8 Logic 菜单······························································································（41）
2.5.9 Place 菜单······························································································（42）
2.5.10 Route 菜单····························································································（43）
2.5.11 Analyze 菜单··························································································（44）
2.5.12 Manufacture 菜单····················································································（44）
2.5.13 Tools 菜单·····························································································（45）
2.6 常用文件的后缀·······························································································（47）
2.7 电子设计流程概述····························································································（48）
2.8 本章小结········································································································（48）
第3 章工程的组成及完整工程的创建·····································································（49）
3.1 工程的组成·····································································································（49）
3.2 原理图工程文件的创建······················································································（50）
3.2.1 新建工程································································································（50）
3.2.2 已有原理图工程文件的打开········································································（51）
3.2.3 新建原理图库··························································································（51）
3.2.4 OrCAD 系统自带的原理图库文件································································（52）
3.2.5 已有原理图库的调用·················································································（54）
3.3 完整PCB 的创建······························································································（54）
3.3.1 新建PCB ·······························································································（54）
3.3.2 已有PCB 文件的打开················································································（55）
3.3.3 PCB 封装的含义及常见分类·······································································（55）
3.3.4 软件自带的封装库····················································································（56）
3.3.5 已有封装库的调用····················································································（57）
3.4 本章小结········································································································（57）
第4 章元件库开发环境及设计···············································································（58）
4.1 元器件符号概述·······························································································（58）
4.2 元件库编辑界面与编辑器工作区参数····································································（58）
4.2.1 元件库编辑界面·······················································································（58）
4.2.2 元件库编辑器工作区参数···········································································（59）
4.3 简单分立元件符号的创建···················································································（60）
4.3.1 原理图库的创建及元器件符号的新建····························································（60）
4.3.2 单个引脚的放置·······················································································（62）
4.3.3 元器件引脚的阵列摆放及设置·····································································（63）
4.3.4 元器件外形框的绘制及文件的保存·······························································（65）
4.4 分立元件的创建·······························································································（66）
4.4.1 创建Homogeneous 类型原理图符号······························································（66）
4.4.2 创建Heterogeneous 类型元器件···································································（67）
4.5 通过Excel 表格创建元器件·················································································（68）
4.6 元件库创建实例—电容的创建··········································································（70）
4.7 元件库创建实例—ADC08200 的创建·································································（71）
4.8 本章小结········································································································（73）
第5 章原理图开发环境及设计···············································································（74）
5.1 原理图编辑界面·······························································································（74）
5.1.1 打开OrCAD 软件及创建原理图工程·····························································（74）
5.1.2 OrCAD 软件常用菜单栏讲解及偏好设置·······················································（76）
5.1.3 Preferences 设置·······················································································（78）
5.1.4 OrCAD 软件Design Template 常用设置··························································（80）
5.2 原理图设计准备·······························································································（83）
5.2.1 原理图页面大小的设置··············································································（83）
5.2.2 原理图栅格的设置····················································································（84）
5.2.3 原理图模板的应用····················································································（85）
5.3 元器件的放置··································································································（87）
5.3.1 添加元件库·····························································································（87）
5.3.2 放置元器件·····························································································（88）
5.3.3 元器件的移动、选择、旋转········································································（89）
5.3.4 元器件的复制、剪切与粘贴········································································（91）
5.3.5 元器件的删除与撤销·················································································（93）
5.4 电气连接的放置·······························································································（94）
5.4.1 绘制导线································································································（94）
5.4.2 节点的说明及放置····················································································（95）
5.4.3 放置网络标号··························································································（96）
5.4.4 放置No ERC 检查点·················································································（97）
5.4.5 总线的放置·····························································································（98）
5.4.6 放置电源及接地·······················································································（99）
5.4.7 放置页连接符························································································ （100）
5.4.8 原理图添加差分属性··············································································· （101）
5.5 非电气对象的放置·························································································· （101）
5.5.1 放置辅助线··························································································· （101）
5.5.2 放置字符标注及图片··············································································· （103）
5.6 原理图的全局编辑·························································································· （103）
5.6.1 元器件的重新编号·················································································· （103）
5.6.2 元器件属性的更改·················································································· （105）
5.6.3 原理图的查找与跳转··············································································· （106）
5.7 层次原理图的设计·························································································· （108）
5.7.1 层次原理图的定义及结构········································································· （108）
5.7.2 自上而下的层次原理图设计······································································ （108）
5.7.3 自下而上的层次原理图设计······································································ （110）
5.7.4 层次原理图调用已经创建好的模块····························································· （113）
5.8 原理图的编译与检查······················································································· （114）
5.8.1 原理图编译的设置·················································································· （114）
5.8.2 原理图的编译························································································ （115）
5.8.3 原理图差异化对比·················································································· （115）
5.8.4 第一方网表输出····················································································· （117）
5.8.5 第三方网表输出····················································································· （118）
5.9 BOM 表······································································································· （119）
5.10 网表输出错误······························································································ （121）
5.10.1 Duplicate Pin Name 错误········································································· （121）
5.10.2 Pin number missing 错误········································································· （122）
5.10.3 Value contains return 错误········································································ （123）
5.10.4 PCB Footprint missing 错误······································································ （124）
5.10.5 Conflicting values of following Component 错误············································· （125）
5.10.6 Illegal character 错误·············································································· （125）
5.11 原理图的打印输出························································································· （126）
5.12 常用设计快捷命令汇总·················································································· （128）
5.13 原理图设计实例——AT89C51·········································································· （129）
5.13.1 设计流程分析······················································································ （129）
5.13.2 工程的创建························································································· （129）
5.13.3 元件库的创建······················································································ （130）
5.13.4 原理图设计························································································· （132）
5.14 本章小结···································································································· （135）
第6 章 PCB 库开发环境及设计············································································ （136）
6.1 PCB 封装的组成···························································································· （136）
6.2 焊盘编辑界面································································································ （137）
6.3 焊盘封装的创建····························································································· （140）
6.3.1 贴片封装焊盘的创建··············································································· （140）
6.3.2 插件封装焊盘的创建··············································································· （140）
6.3.3 Flash 焊盘的创建··················································································· （143）
6.3.4 过孔封装的创建····················································································· （143）
6.4 2D 标准封装创建··························································································· （146）
6.4.1 向导创建法··························································································· （147）
6.4.2 手工创建法··························································································· （150）
6.5 异形焊盘封装创建·························································································· （154）
6.6 PCB 文件生成PCB 库····················································································· （155）
6.7 PCB 封装生成其他文件··················································································· （156）
6.7.1 PCB 封装生成psm 文件··········································································· （156）
6.7.2 PCB 封装生成device 文件········································································ （156）
6.8 常见PCB 封装的设计规范及要求······································································· （157）
6.8.1 SMD 贴片封装设计················································································ （157）
6.8.2 插件类型封装设计·················································································· （160）
6.8.3 沉板元器件的特殊设计要求······································································ （161）
6.8.4 阻焊设计······························································································ （162）
6.8.5 丝印设计······························································································ （162）
6.8.6 元器件1 脚标识的设计············································································ （162）
6.8.7 元器件极性标识的设计············································································ （163）
6.8.8 常用元器件丝印图形式样········································································· （164）
6.9 3D 封装创建································································································· （165）
6.10 PCB 封装库的导入与导出··············································································· （166）
6.10.1 PCB 封装库的导入················································································ （167）
6.10.2 PCB 封装库的导出················································································ （167）
6.11 本章小结···································································································· （168）
第7 章 PCB 设计开发环境及快捷键····································································· （169）
7.1 PCB 设计交互界面························································································· （169）
7.2 菜单栏与工具栏····························································································· （170）
7.2.1 菜单栏································································································· （170）
7.2.2 工具栏································································································· （170）
7.3 工作面板······································································································ （171）
7.3.1 “Options”面板······················································································ （171）
7.3.2 “Find”面板·························································································· （171）
7.3.3 “Visibility”面板···················································································· （173）
7.4 常用系统快捷键····························································································· （173）
7.5 快捷键的自定义····························································································· （174）
7.5.1 命令行指定快捷键·················································································· （174）
7.5.2 env 文件指定快捷键················································································ （174）
7.5.3 Relay 命令指定快捷键············································································· （175）
7.6 录制及调用script 文件····················································································· （176）
7.6.1 录制script 文件····················································································· （176）
7.6.2 调用script 文件····················································································· （177）
7.7 Stoke 快捷键设置··························································································· （177）
7.8 本章小结······································································································ （179）
第8 章流程化设计——PCB 前期处理·································································· （180）
8.1 原理图封装完整性检查···················································································· （180）
8.1.1 封装的添加、删除与编辑········································································· （180）
8.1.2 库路径的全局指定·················································································· （181）
8.2 网表及网表的生成·························································································· （183）
8.2.1 网表···································································································· （183）
8.2.2 第一方网表的生成·················································································· （183）
8.2.3 第三方网表的生成·················································································· （184）
8.3 PCB 网表的导入···························································································· （186）
8.3.1 第一方网表导入····················································································· （186）
8.3.2 第三方网表导入····················································································· （187）
8.4 板框定义······································································································ （188）
8.4.1 DXF 结构图的导入················································································· （188）
8.4.2 自定义绘制板框····················································································· （190）
8.5 固定孔的放置································································································ （192）
8.5.1 开发板类型固定孔的放置········································································· （192）
8.5.2 导入型板框固定孔的放置········································································· （192）
8.6 叠层的定义及添加·························································································· （194）
8.6.1 正片层与负片层····················································································· （194）
8.6.2 内电层的分割实现·················································································· （195）
8.6.3 PCB 叠层的认识···················································································· （196）
8.6.4 层的添加及编辑····················································································· （199）
8.7 本章小结······································································································ （199）
第9 章流程化设计——PCB 布局········································································· （200）
9.1 常见PCB 布局约束原则··················································································· （200）
9.2 PCB 模块化布局思路······················································································ （202）
9.3 固定元器件的放置·························································································· （203）
9.4 原理图与PCB 的交互设置················································································ （203）
9.5 模块化布局··································································································· （205）
9.6 布局常用操作································································································ （208）
9.6.1 Move 命令的使用··················································································· （208）
9.6.2 旋转命令······························································································ （209）
9.6.3 镜像命令······························································································ （211）
9.6.4 对齐···································································································· （211）
9.6.5 复制···································································································· （212）
9.6.6 交换元器件··························································································· （214）
9.6.7 Group 功能··························································································· （214）
9.6.8 Temp Group 功能···················································································· （216）
9.6.9 锁定与解锁功能····················································································· （218）
9.6.10 高亮与低亮························································································· （218）
9.6.11 查询命令···························································································· （220）
9.6.12 测量命令···························································································· （220）
9.6.13 查找功能···························································································· （221）
9.7 本章小结······································································································ （221）
第10 章流程化设计——PCB 布线······································································· （222）
10.1 类与类的创建······························································································ （222）
10.1.1 类的简介···························································································· （222）
10.1.2 Class 的创建························································································ （223）
10.1.3 Net Group 的创建·················································································· （225）
10.1.4 Pin Pair 的创建····················································································· （226）
10.1.5 Xnet 的创建························································································· （227）
10.2 常用PCB 规则设置······················································································· （230）
10.2.1 规则设置界面······················································································ （230）
10.2.2 线宽规则设置······················································································ （230）
10.2.3 间距规则设置······················································································ （232）
10.2.4 多种间距规则设置················································································ （233）
10.2.5 相同网络间距规则设置·········································································· （234）
10.2.6 特殊区域规则设置················································································ （234）
10.2.7 差分动态和静态等长规则设置································································· （236）
10.2.8 点到点源同步信号相对延迟等长规则设置·················································· （237）
10.2.9 多负载源同步信号相对延迟等长规则设置·················································· （240）
10.2.10 绝对延迟等长规则设置········································································· （242）
10.2.11 元器件引脚长度导入············································································ （243）
10.2.12 规则的导入与导出··············································································· （245）
10.3 阻抗计算···································································································· （246）
10.3.1 阻抗计算的必要性················································································ （246）
10.3.2 常见的阻抗模型··················································································· （246）
10.3.3 阻抗计算详解······················································································ （247）
10.3.4 阻抗计算实例······················································································ （249）
10.4 PCB 扇孔···································································································· （251）
10.4.1 扇孔推荐的做法··················································································· （251）
10.4.2 PCB 过孔添加与设置············································································· （252）
10.4.3 BGA 类器件扇孔·················································································· （253）
10.4.4 QFN 类器件扇孔·················································································· （255）
10.4.5 SOP 类器件扇孔··················································································· （255）
10.4.6 扇孔的拉线························································································· （257）
10.5 布线常用操作······························································································ （259）
10.5.1 飞线的打开与关闭················································································ （259）
10.5.2 PCB 网络的管理与添加·········································································· （260）
10.5.3 网络及网络类的颜色管理······································································· （262）
10.5.4 层的管理···························································································· （263）
10.5.5 元素的显示与隐藏················································································ （264）
10.5.6 布线线宽设置与修改············································································· （265）
10.5.7 圆弧布线与设置··················································································· （266）
10.5.8 10°布线与设置··················································································· （266）
10.5.9 布线角度更改与设置············································································· （267）
10.5.10 自动布线··························································································· （267）
10.5.11 蛇形布线··························································································· （269）
10.5.12 紧挨圆弧边缘布线··············································································· （270）
10.5.13 推挤走线与过孔·················································································· （271）
10.5.14 移动走线与过孔·················································································· （272）
10.5.15 删除走线与过孔·················································································· （273）
10.5.16 差分布线与扇孔·················································································· （274）
10.5.17 多根走线··························································································· （276）
10.5.18 走线居中设置····················································································· （277）
10.5.19 走线复制与粘贴·················································································· （278）
10.5.20 过孔网络修改··········································

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